Antacids
Mode of action- Neutralize the acids - because usually they are Alkaline Substances.
- Inactivation of pepsin - pepsin in acid medium acts as proteolytic - antacid brings down the acids in stomach , therefore pepsin cannot break down the stomach wall.
- some antacids (Mg++, Ca++) can precipitate pepsin therefore reduce the damaging of stomach wall.
- some antacid have crypt protective action. ex Aluminium antacids and Magnesium trisilicate .
Therefore antacids can be used.
- Relieves pain - associated with peptic ulceration , gastric re flux oesophagitis.
- Promote healing
Commonly used antacids.
- Aluminum hydroxide
- Calcium carbonate
- Magnesium salt
- Bismuth carbonate
- Sodium Bi Carbonate.
Some antacid preparations may contain.
- Simethicone and dimethicone - antiforming agents used to gas in the stomach.
- Alginate- forms a floating viscous layer on top of the gastric content which acts as a physical barrier to reflux.
When using antacids.
- The liquid dosage forms give quick action then solid dosage forms.
- Solid dosage forms should be thoroughly chewed before swallow.
- Some antacids preparations available with combine of two or more antacids.(they will help reduce side effect and can get rapid and sustain action)
- Dose of antacids varies from patient to patient.
- They are administrate one hour after meals. duration of action > in fasting patient 20-60 min. when take one hour after meals action is prolong up to three hours.
- In peptic ulcer patient antacid should be continued for 4 - 6 weeks after symptoms have disappeared.
- Precipitating factors for adverse effects,,
- (renal impairment / congestive heart failure ) some drugs have incompatibility with antacids . ex .. Digoxin, Isoniazid , Iron salt. Enteric coated tablets,
Indication - Dyspepsia , gastritis , peptic ulcer disease.
Side effect - Constipation
Drug interaction - action of certain drug is reduce by the presence of antacid .
ex ,, Indomethcin , Digoxin .Iron salt.
Dose - one or two tab chewed 4 times daily and at bed time or required ,
Dosage form - Aluminum Hydroxide 500mg tab
CALCIUM CARBONATE
very effective neutralizing agents
very little is absorbed
can course constipation
MAGNESIUM SALT
action is slow than sod bi carbonate , but more prolong can course diarrhea
Dose - 5ml -10ml not absorb do not course alkaloids
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